极低出生体重儿呼吸系统并发症的临床分析

Clinical analysis on respiratory complication of very low birth weight infants

目的探讨极低出生体重儿呼吸系统并发症的发生情况,认识呼吸监测的必要性。方法对近5年收治的96例极低出生体重儿临床资料进行回顾性分析,并按出生体重分为三组分别进行比较。结果呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)42例(43.8%),呼吸暂停74例(77.08%),肺炎27例(28.1%),慢性肺疾病(CLD)4例(4.2%);治愈81例(84.4%);体重越低,RDS、呼吸暂停、肺炎的发生率越高,各组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。体重≤1 000 g者病死率为27.2%,明显高于其他两组(6.67%和5.45%)。结论极低出生体重儿必须收入NICU病房密切监护,早发现并发症,早处理;表面活性物质的应用能减少RDS的发生,提高生存率。

Objective To investigate the morbidity of respiratory complication in very low birth weight infants（VLBWI）, to know the essentiality of intensive care. Methods The hospital data of 96 VLBWI during 5 years were analyzed, three groups divided according to the birth weight were compared. Results Respiratory distress syndrome （RDS） 42 cases （43.8 % ）, apnea 74 cases （ 77.08 % ）, pneumonia 27 cases （ 28.1% ）, chronic lung disease 4 cases （4.2 % ）. The lower the birth weight was, the higher the frequency of RDS, apnea,pneumonia were. There were significant difference between each groups（P 〈 0.05 ）. The mortality of infants with birth weight less than 1 000 grams was 27.2% which was higher than other groups（6.67% and 5.45 % ）. Conclusion The decline in the mortality of VLBWI is attributed to improved neonatal intensive care, continuous post-natal monitoring and early finding complication. Early treatment of VLBWI can increase the survival rate. Improved survival rate of RDS may be associated with the introduction of surfactant replacement therapy.