玉米离体孤雌生殖研究

Maize parthenogenesis in vitro

针对玉米离体孤雌生殖培养中未能解决的诱导率偏低等问题，以黑龙江省18份玉米杂交种或杂交组合为试验材料，将未授粉雌穗接种在9种诱导培养基上，对影响其离体孤雌生殖诱导率的培养基及不同材料之间子房膨大率与结实率等进行了研究．结果表明，筛选出的玉米离体孤雌生殖最佳培养基为B，成份为：MS＋2，4-D 1mg／L＋NAA 1mg／L＋KT 1mg／L＋LH 200mg／L＋cokchicine 2mg／L＋MET 1mg／L＋sucrose 5％＋agar 0．8％；不同材料之间子房膨大率及结实率均有显著差异，变幅分别为2．4％～16．7％和0％～2．67％．61％的材料能诱导结实．当培养50-60d后，从牡20—618、牡342、牡21—178、牡21—257的未授粉子房直接培养再生出4颗小植株．

To resolve the low inducement frequency of maize parthenogenesis in vitro, eigtheen shares of maizes crossbreeds or their crossbred combinations were used as test materials. Their unpollinated female ears were inoculated in nine sorts of inducement culture media. The culture media, ovary swell ratios, and seed ratios of different materials, which could influence the inducement frequency of parthenogenesis in vitro were studied. The results were as follows： best culture medium for maize parthenogenesis in vitro was B, whose compositions were MS ＋ 2,4-D ii mg/L ＋ NAA 1 mg/L ＋ KT 1 mg/L ＋ LH 200 mg/L ＋ cokchicine 2 mg/L ＋ MET 1 mg/L ＋ sucrose 5 % ＋ agar 0.8 % ; the ovary swell ratios and seed ratios of different stuffs had notable difference, and the changing breadths were 2.4 % - 16.7 % and 0 - 2.67 %. Sixty-one percentage of materials could induce seeds. After 50- 60 days, four small aftergrowths were put forth from unpollinated ovaries of Mu 20-618, Mu 342, Mu 21-178, and Mu 21-257.