水泥作业工人的职业暴露和吸烟对肺通气功能和胸部X线影像的影响

Effect of Occupational Exposure and Smoking on the Lung Ventilation Function and X-Ray Image in Chest among Concrete Workers

目的分析职业暴露和吸烟对水泥作业工人肺通气功能和胸部X线影像的影响。方法对某市参加职业病体检的工人进行不同层次分组作回顾性研究。结果水泥厂工人不接尘组与接尘组比较,接尘组FVC%、FEV1%、FEV1%(%)低于标准值例数及胸片0+例数明显高于不接尘组,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01);而Ⅰ期尘肺两者无统计学意义(P>0.05)。水泥厂接尘工人吸烟组与不吸烟组肺通气功能与胸片的比较,吸烟组FVC%低于标准值例数明显高于不吸烟组,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01);吸烟组FEV1%低于标准值例数高于不吸烟组,差异有显著性(P<0.05),FEV1%(%)低于标准值例数、胸片0+、Ⅰ期尘肺例数无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论水泥企业的职业暴露和吸烟对工人的肺通气功能影响是明显的,对X线胸部影像改变也是肯定的,肺通气功能变化比X线影像变化敏感。

The comparison indicated that the standardized forced vital capacity （FVC）, forced expiratory volume in the first second （FEV1 %） and forced expiratory rate （FEV1%） of the dust - exposed workers were significantly lower than that of the control group. The cases of pneumoconiosis 0 ＋ in the dust - exposed group was more than that in the control group （ P 〈 0.01 ）. As for pneumoconiosis stage I, the difference between the two groups was not significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The comparison between the smoking group and the non - smoking group on the lung ventilation function indicated significant difference between the two groups in the cases of abnormal FVC （ P 〈 0.01） and FEVi （ P 〈0.05）, the smoking group had more cases than the non- smoking group. However, no significant difference was found in the standardized FEV1%, cases of 0 ＋ and pneumoconiosis stage Ⅰ （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. [ Conclusion] Occupational exposure and smoking have significant effect on both the lung ventilation function of the concrete workers and the chest X - ray image.