政和县发热出疹性疾病爆发的流行病学特征与控制策略

Epidemiological Features of the Outbreak of Rash and Fever Illnesses in Zhenhe County

目的为进一步降低政和县麻疹发病率,对发热出疹性疾病(RFIs)爆发疫情进行流行病学特征分析,并探讨RFIs的防控措施。方法对政和县自2000年以来6起RFIs爆发疫情进行流行病学调查,采集病例的急性期血清检测麻疹、风疹IgM抗体。结果6起RFIs爆发经血清学证实:1起为麻疹爆发,5起为风疹爆发。RFIs的发病高峰季节为春季。乡、村二级医疗单位麻疹监测系统不敏感及血清学检测结果报告时间较长等延误对RFIs爆发疫情控制措施的及时落实。结论麻诊接种率高,复种年龄提前的地区麻疹发病基本处于散发状态,RFIs爆发以学校风疹为主,有条件的县级疾控单位应建立麻疹血清学诊断实验室,加大乡、村二级医疗单位疫情报告监督力度,提高监测系统敏感性,把风疹纳入常规免疫接种,可加速控制麻疹和减少风疹的爆发。

[ Objective] To decrease the incidence of measles and explore effective preventive measures for controlling rash and fever illnesses （RFIs）. [Methods] Epidemiological investigation was conducted on the 6 cases of RFIs since 2000; the IgM antibody of measles and rubella in the acute stage were collected. [Results] 1 case was found with measles and 5 cases with rubella. Spring was the fastigium of RFIs outbreak. Insensitiveness of the supervision system and failure of report dallied over the control of RFIs outbreak. [ Conclusion] Measles serum diagnosis laboratories should be set up if the financial status permits; supervision system should be improved.