城市空巢与非空巢老人生活和心理状况的比较

Comparison of life and psychological status of the elderly between families with children absent and families with children

目的比较研究城市空巢老人与非空巢老人的生活和心理状况。方法以《中脉老年生活质量指数调查问卷》为材料,对7个城市2 225位独居、夫妻同住和非空巢老人的调查数据进行分析。结果大多数老年人的经济收入偏低,非空巢老人给予子女经济支持和体力付出的压力较大;大多数老年人的心情较好,但超过1/4的独居老人心情较差;老年人的主观幸福感居中上水平,但独居老人的主观幸福感、与家人交流满意度较低;在养老依靠问题上空巢老人(尤其是独居老人)对于家人的期望较低;对于第三方赡养和老年人再婚的问题,夫妻同住老人比较理解和支持。结论夫妻同住老人的生活和心理状况均较好,独居老人的心理状况较差,非空巢老人的经济和体力付出的压力较大。

Objective To compare the life and psychological status of the elderly between families with children absent and families with children. Methods 2 225 elderly （solitary, spouse innate and the elderly in families with children） in seven cities were investigated and analyzed by Joymain Elderly Quality of Life Index Questionnaire. Results Most of the elderly had lower economic income. The elderly in families with children gave more economic support and physical force to their children. Most of the elderly had better mood, but over one fourth of elderly solitaries had worse mood. The subjective happiness sense of the elderly was at middling levels and above while that of solitaries with satisfactory degree of communication with their children. On the dependence of providing for the aged, the elder in families with children absent had lower expectation on their children, especially solitaries. On the supporting by the third party and remarriage of the elderly, the spouse innate could understand and support. Conclusions The spouse innate elderly have better life and psychological status, and solitary elderly have worse psychological status, while the elderly in families with children have stress on economic and physiological force.