我国粮食直接补贴政策的实施效果、问题及完善对策

Effects,Problems and Improvement Measures of Direct Payments Policy on Food in China

本文在整个粮改框架下熏分析了我国现行的粮食直接补贴政策,认为虽然从总体上来讲,该政策直接惠及农民,提高了农民种粮积极性,为购销市场化的推进和国有粮食企业的制度改进创造了条件,可以有效利用粮食风险基金。但是作为一种改革,仍然存在很多突出问题:补贴类型纷繁复杂,补贴标准地区差异悬殊,农民对政策的持续性信心不足等。需要进一步采取一系列改进措施对该项制度加以完善:明确补贴目的,规范补贴类型;加大中央财政在主产区粮食风险基金的份额;推进相关改革。

Placed under the framework of Chinese food reform, we conduct an analysis of the current food direct payments policy and form the opinion that although this policy, as a whole, provides direct profits to fanners, promotes farmers＇ enthusiasm for food planting, creates preferable conditions for the advancement of buy-sell marketalization and the reform of state-owned food companies and effectively use food risk fond, however, it is still accompanied by many issues, such like the complexity of payments types, huge payments disparities among different areas; lack of confidence in the endurance of the policy on farmers＇ side. Therefore, improvement measures are needed to define aims of direct payments, normalize payments types, increase central fiscal share in the food risk fond of main production areas and push relevant reforms to perfect this system.