政治学经验研究和分析性研究中价值中立的可能性

Possibility of Value-neutrality in Empirical or Analytical Political Studies

政治学研究可以划分为发现和验证两个过程。发现阶段无法做到价值中立,但验证阶段能够实现。政治科学家如果在研究中遵循逻辑一致性和经验可证性两个标准,那就能获得可验证的、具有交互主观性的或客观的知识,就做到了方法论上的价值中立。因为,所有政治学者都拥有同样的一套演绎逻辑,所以逻辑检验过程能够排除不同价值的干扰;价值虽然能干扰经验观察,但是,如果提高命题的操作化程度,增强观察的直观性,价值观不同的政治科学家也能在经验检验过程中得出同样的观察结论。不能因为发现阶段无法做到价值中立就完全否定经验研究和分析性研究中价值中立的可能性。

The process of political study can be divided into two parts： context of discovery and context of justification. Value-neutrality is impossible in the context of discovery,but it is possible in the latter. If political scientists keep to deductive logic and make their studies verifiable empirically, they can get intersubjectively transmissible knowledge. We can say that they have kept methodological value-neutrality in their studies. The reasons are as follows： first,all scholars use the same deductive logic; second, the political scientists who hold different values can get the same conclusion in the process of empirical verification,if they make their propositions operational and intuitionistic. We can ＂t entirely deny the possibility of value-neutrality in empirical or analytical political studies by reason of the impossibility of value-neutrality in the context of discovery.