论张载的礼学思想及其实践

Zhangzai's Thoughts on Confucianism and His Exertion

唐末五代社会秩序的破坏,传统文化中礼治秩序因子以及宋初三先生、李觏等以礼的价值标准重建宋代国家与社会秩序的思想共同铸就了张载关学的礼学特色。而张载的礼学不同于先秦秦汉的礼学,他把“礼”由形而下之器,发展为形而上之道,以此作为宋代社会与国家秩序重构的哲学依据。张载不仅对礼进行了形上的研究,而且受到其经世思想的影响,曾尝试在民间推行礼制,并在一定范围内改变了民风民俗。

The Confucian characteristic of Zhangzai＇s Guan School--a branch of Confucianism, was formed on the basis of destruction of social order in Wudai Dynasties （a period during the end of Tang Dynasty）, Confucianism style government operation in traditional culture and Three Masters and Ligou ＇ s thoughts to reconstruct state and social order under the instruction of Confucian values in the early Song Dynasty. Nevertheless Zhangzai ＇ s Confucianism differs from Confucianism in the Pre-Qin Days, Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty in that Zhangzai developed the Li （social rites） from a worldly （physical） tool into a metaphysical doctrine （the Tao）, and employed it as a philosophical foundation to reconstruct the Song Dynasty ＇ s state and social order. Zhangzai not only made metaphysical research about Confucianism, but also influenced by classic thoughts so that he made attempts to exert Confucian social rites, and changed, to certain extents, folk habits and customs.