新疆塔里木河及其河道变迁研究

Study on the Tarim River and Its Watercourse Evolution in Xinjiang: Recorded in the "Records of Rovers"

在我国历史文献《水经注》中,对塔里木河有“南河”与“北河”之说,在今天的地形图上,只标注出一条有水的塔里木河,即塔里木“北河”。对于塔里木“南河”,一直存在着不同的两种看法,有认为是实际存在;有认为是“乌虚有”。作者通过实地考察,认为塔里木“南河”在历史上确实存在。由于构成“南河”的和田河改道西移和曾流入塔里木河的克里雅河断流,“南河”于18-19世纪才消失。

Water is one of the most active factors in geographical environment evolution, especially in arid areas. Most of the abandoned oases, land desertification and traffic obstruction of roads are related to the shift and evolution of watercourses of rivers. Therefore, it is very important to research the shift and evolution of watercourses of rivers. It was recorded in a historical literature named the ＂Records of Rivers＂ that there were two Tarim rivers in history, i.e. , the ＂South Tarim River＂ and ＂North Tarim River＂. However, there is only one Tarim River on the current maps, i.e., the ＂North Tarim River＂. There are two opposite viewpoints about the existence of the ＂South Tarim River＂ all along, some scientists consider that the ＂South Tarim River＂ existed in history, but some others do not think so. After carrying out many times of field investigation and some research work and referring the investigated data, RS data and historical literatures, the authors consider that the ＂South Tarim River＂ did exist in history, and the stream flow of the ＂South Tarim River＂ was cut off and the ＂South Tarim River＂ disappeared during the period from 18th century to the 19th century, because the watercourse of the Hotan River, a tributary of the ＂South Tarim River＂, shifted westward and its stream flow flowed into the Keriya River, a tributary of the current Tarim River. Moreover, the records about the Tarim River in the ＂Records of Rivers＂ and the different viewpoints about the ＂South Tarim River＂ are reviewed, and the geographical location and the disappearance causes of the ＂South Tarim River＂ are analyzed.