阜康绿洲环境变化的气候特征

Analysis on the Effects of Climatic Change on the Ecological Environment in the Fukang Oasis

利用月气象资料,对过去近30 a阜康绿洲气候变化特征进行分析和比较,结果表明:阜康绿洲气温具有显著的增暖趋势,年平均气温增加约0.6℃,对年气温变暖贡献最大的是春冬两季,分别升高1.2℃和1.3℃;阜康绿洲变暖的主要特征是最低气温升高,最低平均气温增幅达0.7℃;在20世纪80年代中期之前,不论是年还是季节的日照时数均呈上升趋势,之后呈下降趋势,并且总体呈下降趋势;蒸发量呈明显的下降趋势,90年代比70年代蒸发量下降约537.9 mm,夏季是年蒸发量下降的主要季节;降水量呈明显的上升趋势,90年代比70年代降水增加约60.54 mm,春夏两季是年降水量增加的主要季节。

The Fukang Oasis （43°45＇- 45°29＇N, 87°46＇- 88°44＇E） is located in the Sangong River Watershed in the southern marginal zone of the Junggar Basin on north piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains. In the oasis it belongs to the typical continental arid climate characterized by vertical zonality due to the terrain difference, it is hot in summer but cold in winter, the temperature increase in spring and temperature decrease in autumn are violent, precipitation occurs infrequently and its temporal and spatial distribution is uneven. In the oasis the diurnal-nocturnal temperature difference is high, the annual, maximum and minimum temperatures are 7.1℃, 42.6℃ and -41.6 ℃ respectively; the annual precipitation and evaporation are 164 mm and 1 780-2 453 mm respectively; the annual sunshine duration is 2 933 hours, and the frost-free period is 176 days. In this paper, the climate change in the Fukang Oasis since recent 30 years is analyzed based on the monthly meteorological data. The results show that the air temperature in the region has been significantly increased since recent 30 years, and the annual temperature is increased by 0.6 ℃, especially in spring and winter （increased by 1.2 ℃and 1.3 ℃respectively）. The most significant temperature increase is the minimum temperature increase, and its increase is as high as 0.7 ℃. The annual and seasonal sunshine durations increased before the mid-1980s, and then they begin to decrease. Evaporation is significantly reduced, especially in summer, and the annual evaporation in the 1990s was decreased by 537.9 mm than that in the 1970s. Precipitation is significantly increased, especially in spring and summer, and the annual precipitation in the 1990s was increased by 60.54 mm than that in the 1970s. The analysis on the climatic change in the Fukang Oasis can reveal the regional climate characteristics and the ecological environment evolution in the oasis.