大尺度区域非点源污染负荷计算方法

A method for estimation of non-point source pollution load in the large-scale basins of China

针对我国非点源污染研究中存在的主要矛盾,即已有的实验和研究多集中在小流域和小区域范围内(10000km2以下),而缺乏全流域尺度下的非点源污染负荷估算方法,通过分析非点源污染负荷研究中的尺度问题及其解决途径,提出了大尺度区域非点源污染负荷的计算方法,以适应规划层次下非点源污染控制和管理的需要.研究在分析非点源污染负荷产生和迁移途径的基础上,依据水文产汇流和污染物迁移过程,建立了大区域尺度非点源污染负荷估算模型;在地理信息系统(GIS)支持下,分别按城市径流、农业生产、农村居民点和畜禽养殖4种类型,计算了2000年我国10个一级水资源区的溶解态非点源污染负荷量.结果表明,2000年全国范围内非点源污染情况比较严重,耗氧有机物(以COD计)、TN、TP和NH+4N的入河量分别达到6.65×106t、3.28×106t、1.56×106t和0.83×106t.最后,采用各流域机构的非点源污染调查数据(2000年),对模型计算结果进行了验证,结果表明,模型结构基本合理,计算结果具有一定的可靠性.

Ahhough the non-point source pollution （NPS） has become an important source of water pollution throughout the world, the methods to evaluate pollutant loads of NPS in the large scale are lack. Most of studies on NPS are focused on the small area （ 〈 1000km^2 ）, and these results meet the problem caused by scale and boundary conditions. On the basis of hydrological processes and pollution transport, a large scale model is set up to calculate the loss load of pollutants for government to control and manage NPS. Using GIS techniques, the NPS has been classified into four sources： urban runoff, agrieuhural production, rural residential waste and animal waste, and was used to estimate the pollution loads of ten first-class water resource districts of China. In 2000, the situation of NPS was relatively serious, and the nationwide loss loads of four indexes-COD, TN, TP and NH4^＋- N- were 6.65×10^6 , 3.28×10^6 , 1.56×10^6 and 0.83×10^6 tons respectively. The survey data verifies that the models are reasonable and feasible, and the results are credible within a reasonable margin of error.