魏晋南北朝妇女的宗教信仰

Women's Religious Beliefs within the Period of Wei, Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties

魏晋南北朝时期王朝频繁更替,世道混乱,战争不断,百姓生死无常,这就为人们从宗教中寻求精神寄托提供了丰富的土壤。魏晋南北朝妇女的宗教信仰,呈现出多样化的特点。佛教信仰、道教信仰与其他民间信仰同时并存,互相影响。民间信仰的女神很多,主要有西王母、麻姑、紫姑、丁姑、广陵茶姥等。反映妇女信仰的行为方式也很多,主要有巫术、相术、占梦与祭祀等。广大妇女或因战争而失去丈夫子女,或因逃避战乱而失去家园生计,或因婚姻失意而遁入空门,或因被废、被迫、被俘而孤单无助等等。在这个尘世失意而寻求归宿的漫长过程中,妇女的宗教信仰亦汛滥四溢,多姿多彩。

During the period of Wei, Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, due to experiencing the frequent changes of different rulers, living in chaotic society, bearing the constant destructions of wars, it＇s really hard for ordinary people to tell their fate as to the matter of life and death, which, however, provided a rich soil for them to seek spiritual reposing from different religions. Women＇s religious beliefs within in the above-mentioned period showed certain features of diversification, among which Buddhism, Taoism and other folk beliefs coexisted and influenced each other. During the long process to seek their religious relief, women＇s religious beliefs of this period seemed to be rampant, various and colorful.