隐匿的革命对象、极权国家和新革命战略——论早期法兰克福学派的政治学说

Hidden Revolutionary Objectives,Authoritarian State and New Revolutionary Strategy——On the Political Theory of the Early Frankfurt School

早期法兰克福学派的学者认为批判是理论的主要的功能,因而理论本身不应该成为目标,更为关键的在于使现存世界革命化进而达到改造世界的目的。围绕对社会结构和阶级变化的新的理解,他们对于直接面对的极权国家的分析和批判构成了其政治理论中最为重要的组成部分。在此基础之上,他们认为贫困并非革命的真正动因,人的本质异化才使革命成为一种迫切的需要。为此他们从不同角度对新的革命动因和革命主体进行了阐述,提出了新革命战略和“健全的社会”的政治理想。

Theoreticians of the Early Frankfnrt School believed that the main function of the theory was critical, so revolutionary objectives shouid not be the theory itself but to change the whole world. Around the understanding of the changes in social structure and classes, the analysis of authoritarian state constituted the most important part of their political theory. Basing on this, they thought the real cause of the revolution was not the absolute poverty of proletariat, but the alienation of people with society, others and himself. When tbe word for revolution is disappearing, one striking achievement of them is that they have not abandoned revolution like others. Instead they stick to revolution changes and have done useful researches on the necessity of revolutions now and on how to carry out the revolution under the new circumstance from different angles. They also provided new revolutionary strategy and an ideal of ＂healthy society＂.