岷江流域水资源安全及适应对策

Discussion on water security problem and countermeasure in Minjiang River

随着经济和社会的发展，水资源安全问题日益突出，尤其是水资源短缺、水污染加重以及与水相关的生态环境恶化已经成为中国首要解决的问题之一．本文以岷江流域为例，从水资源的水量、水质及其生态环境安全等方面，探讨流域水资源安全问题．研究表明，随着人类活动和社会经济发展的影响，岷江流域水资源安全及其生态环境受到威胁，表现为：①水量减少．岷江流量明显减少，70-80年代与30-40年代相比，年均径流量减少9．5％，地下水资源量减少，地下水位降低lOm左右．洪旱灾害更加频繁．②岷江水污染呈加重趋势．岷江高场站的综合污染指数由1996年的0．21增加为2000年的0.34，水质级别由“较清洁”变为“轻污染”．③生态环境恶化．岷江上游森林面积减少和干旱河谷扩大，水土流失也有加剧的趋势．针对这些变化，要保障流域水资源及其生态环境安全有必要采取下列对策：即必须树立可持续利用的观念；以水资源承载能力为前提，推进水利和经济的协调发展；建立水资源保护区，防治水污染．

Along with the development of economy and society, water security problem becomes increasingly serious. Especially, the issue of water shortage, water pollution and related eco-environmental degradation has become one of the major emergency problems in China. The water security problem was discussed, including water quantity, water quality and related eco-envimnmental security. As an example, the issue of water security problem in Minjiang River was analyzed. It was found that influenced by hunrm activities and the development of economy and society, the water security and related eco-environment have been threaten in Minjiang River： a）Water quantity in Minjiang River reduced. It was found that the runoff in Minjiang River decreased obviously. The average annual runoff from 1970s to 1980s decreased 9.5% compared with that from 1930s to 1940s. And the ground water resources reduced too： the ground water level descent about 10m. The flood and drought became more frequent, b）Water pollution in Minjiang River shrew a tendency to aggravate. The comprehensive water pollution index at Gaochang Station was 0.21 in 1996, but it increased to 0.34 in 2000. And the rank of water quality changed from ＂relatively cleaning＂ into ＂ fight pollution＂, c） Related eco-envimnment degraded. The forest area in the upper reaches of Minjiang River reduced and the aridity river valley expanded. Water loss and soil erosion had the tendency to aggravate too. According to the above changes in Minjiang River, some suggestion and countermeasure for protecting the water security and eco-environment were proposed： Firstly, the idea of sustainable utilization of the water resources must be set up; Secondly, regard the carrying capacity of the water resources as the prerequisite, advance the development of water conservancy and econorcfic coordination; Thirdly, establish the water resources protection area and prevent and control the water pollution.