企业合并行为的竞争法分析

The Competition Assessment of Merger

对企业合并进行控制是竞争法的基本内容,而其中最核心的问题,是评价企业合并行为所依据的实体标准。基本内容包括对合并行为的反竞争影响,及其产生的积极效果。由于企业合并主要是通过改变市场结构而影响竞争,因而在对其进行分析时,一般首先分析合并行为对所在市场集中度产生的影响,这主要通过赫芬达尔指数来反映,对于发生在指数较低的市场上,或发生在集中度较高的市场上,但并未导致指数大幅度提高的企业合并行为,认定其不会产生严重的反竞争效果,可以批准。其他的合并行为则要由竞争主管机关进一步分析,主要考察该行为的反竞争效果,包括单边效果与协调效果;然后再考察存在哪些抵消因素。经过比较后,如果积极效果大于消极效果,则予以批准。

The control of merger is one of the basic components of competition law, the core of which is the criterion to proceed the analysis. This involves the comparison between the positive and negative effects of the proposed merger. Merger may have influence on competition mainly by changing market structure, therefore its assessment begins with examining its effects on concentration ratioreflected by HHI. if the merger is p on a market with a low HHI, or will not significantly raised HHI even though on a market with high HHI, it will not be regarded as obviously anti-competition and can be enforceable. Other mergers need further assessment by competent authorities, which will focus on its anticompetition effects including unilateral effects and coordination effects, then the countervailing elements and benefits. If positive effects overweigh the negative ones, the merger should be ratified and enforceable.