论董仲舒的德治思想

On Dong Zhong-shu's Moral Governing Thought

在儒家德治、礼治思想的反思和现实社会政治的批判中,董仲舒阐释了其德治思想。其德治思想的突出内容有三:其一,执政者要有德,有德是内在德性和外在德行的内外合一;执政者有德不仅能成为人民的楷模,而且是实行合理政治行为的根据。其二,执政者以仁义礼乐教化人民,唤醒和培养他们内在的仁义之质,人民自然应礼、中道,由他律的道德提升为自律的道德。其三,董仲舒为儒家的德治政治建立了天道的神圣根据,从而加强了执政者实行德治政治的责任感。

The essential content of Dong Zhong-shu＇s moral governing thought is consisted of three facets. First, politicians must possess moral, and moral possession is an integration of internal moral with external one. A politician who possesses moral not only will become people＇s model, but also can find the ground for his rational action of politics. Second, politicians rule their people by means of benevolence, justice, ideology, and liberal arts, awake and even promote their internal nature of benevolence and justice. People will thus act according to ideological regulations and political principles. The moral level regulated externally will become self-disciplined one. Third, Dong Zhong-shu has set up a cosmological ground for the Confucian politics of moral governing, and thus strengthened politician＇ s responsibility awareness for implementing politics of moral governing.