战略采购的过程模型及其作用模式

Process Model and Operational Pattern of Strategic Purchasing

基于交易成本/交易效益双边动态理论,本文发展了战略采购的过程模型,提出战略采购是一个由市场替代企业、优化网络节点、固化网络联结和整合网络能力四个环节构成的过程,目的是推动企业和市场向网络变迁以获得交易成本的持续降低和交易收益的持续创造。文中还指出了不同条件下的战略采购作用机理。在买方优势条件下,采购战略贡献高的能力可以通过发展单联网络来实现,而采购战略贡献低的能力可以通过发展并联网络来实现;在供方优势条件下,采购战略贡献高的能力可以通过发展外拓网络来实现,而采购战略贡献低的能力可以通过发展外联网络来实现。最后,根据我国战略采购实践和理论现状提出提高我国战略采购水平的对策和进一步理论研究的建议。

Based on the theory of transaction costs/transaction benefits bilateral dynamic analysis,a process model of strategic purchasing is developed,which is redefined as a process comprised of four aspects,namely, replacement of firms by market,optimization of network nodes,solidification of network linkage,integration of network capability, The mechanism of strategic purchasing under various conditions is described. Under buyer＇s dominance, purchasing the capability of high strategic contribution can be realized through simple linkage network; while the purchasing the capability of lower strategic contribution can be realized through parallel linkage network; Under supplier＇s dominance,purchasing the capability of high strategic contribution can be realized through extroverted exploration of network; while purchasing the capability of lower strategic contribution can be realized through divergent alliance. Finally,regarding the current practice in China,the paper discussed the importance of strategic purchasing in build-up of firm＇s reputation and collaboration as well as the firm＇s culture,pointing out the opportunities and strategies for Chinese firms to practice the theory.