语调在6~10岁儿童对不同类型反语认知中的作用

Effects of Intonation on 6 to 10-Year-Old Children's Cognition of Different Types of Irony

以态度、话语含义和语言现象探测为测量指标，探讨语调对6～10岁儿童不同类型反语认知的影响。结果表明：（1）6～10岁是儿童反语认知能力迅速提高的时期，这不仅表现在儿童对说话人态度和话语含义的理解上，还表现在儿童对反语现象的解释上。但是儿童在反语认知的不同方面表现出发展的不平衡性，6岁儿童已能初步理解反语中说话人的态度和话语的含义，但还不能正确解释反语现象；直至10岁，儿童解释反语现象的能力仍在发展之中。（2）语调（中性语调和强调语调）影响儿童对他人态度和话语含义的理解，在强调语凋下，儿童能更好地理解说话人的态度和话语的含义；但语调不影响童对语言现象的解释。（3）儿童对不同类型反语（反语批评和反语恭维）的认知水平不同，6岁儿童对两类反语的态度判断、话语含义判断和语言现象解释均不存在显著差异；8岁和10岁儿童对两类反语的态度判断和话语含义判断也不存在显著差异，但在语言现象解释上存在显著差异。与反语恭维相比，8岁和10岁儿童能更好地解释反语批评。

Using attitude, meaning, and language phenomenon detections as survey indexes, the study inspected the effects of intonation on the cognition of different types of irony among children aged 6 to 10 in China. The results showed ： （ 1 ） the children displayed developmental unbalance in different aspects of irony cognition. 6-year-old children have possessed ten- tative irony cognitive ability, they began to understand the attitude and the discourse meaning of the speaker, but they could not explain irony phenomenon correctly. Until 10-year-old, the ability of children＇s interpretation of irony phenome- non were still developing; （2） intonation （ neutral or stressed） affected the attitude and meaning detection of children, but had no effects on language phenomenon detection of children; （3）the children＇s cognitive levels of different types of irony were different. There were not noticeable differences between 6-year-old children~ interpretations of two types of irony, but there were striking differences between 8-year-old and 10-year-old children＇s interpretations of two types of irony. Compared with ironic compliments, 8-year-old and 10-year-old children could interpret ironic criticisms better.