情绪劳动:表层动作与深层动作,哪一种效果更好?

Emotional Labor: Surface Acting and Deep Acting,Which One is Better?

哪一种情绪劳动(表层动作和深层动作)的效果更积极?该项研究结合“情绪调节”和“双任务”的实验范式,以指导语引起不同的情绪劳动,以电影片段诱发负情绪(以悲伤为主),同时测量情绪劳动过程情绪的变化,并通过数学成绩和自我真实感检测情绪劳动对后续工作和心理上的作用。结果表明:(1)操作表层动作与深层动作都具有一定的难度,需要付出一定的努力;且深层动作引起更多的精力集中;(2)表层动作和深层动作都可以减弱已被诱发的悲伤情绪,深层动作引起了更大的生理激活(R-R间期增加较小);(3)表层动作导致后续工作成绩降低,自我真实感减弱。结论:如果需要在负情绪(悲伤)状态下展现正情绪(微笑),深层动作是更积极的情绪劳动方式。

The study was to investigate which one of the emotional labors, surface acting and deep acting, had better effect on later performance and self authenticity. Combined Muraven, Tice ＆ Boumeister（1998） ~s dual-task paradigm and Gross （1998）＇s emotion regulation paradigm, conducting two kinds of emotional labor by instructions before watching emotional （ most sadness and pain） eliciting film, while emotional consequences in subjective report, expressive behavior and physiological responses were measured, and then two effects of emotional labors, e.g. later mathematics performance and self authenticity, were tested as well. The results ： （ 1 ） One need to pay significant effort and feel difficult to perform surfacend deep-action in emotional labors, and deep-action would engage more attention; （2） Both surface-action and deep-action resulted in decreased sadness, but deep-action activated stronger physiological response （e. g. less increased in R-R interval）. （ 3 ） surface-action resulted in poorer performance in mathematics and lower self authenticity. Conclusion ： If it is needed to keep smiling under sad experience, deep-action is a positive one.