经鼻内镜翼腭窝区手术相关的显微解剖学研究

Microanatomic study of endoscopic endonasal approach to the pterygopalatine fossa region

目的:为经鼻内镜翼腭窝区手术提供显微解剖学基础。方法:选用30例(60侧)成人头颅湿标本,对翼腭窝区进行显微解剖观测,并模拟鼻内镜手术入路,观测翼腭窝区穿行结构及毗邻关系。结果:①翼腭窝内有上颌动脉、上颌神经及其分支,以及翼腭神经节等重要结构;②由蝶腭孔至前鼻棘的距离为(52.99±4.95)mm;③上颌神经出圆孔处至前鼻棘的距离为(62.90±3.81)mm;④翼管神经至前鼻棘的距离为(58.83±3.91)mm。结论:熟悉翼腭窝区穿行结构位置及毗邻关系,对经鼻内镜翼腭窝区手术的开展具指导意义。

Objective： To provide microanatomic data for the operation of pterygopalatine fossa region through endoscopic endonasal approach. Methods： Microanatomy was performed by dissection and simulating transnasal endoscopic surgery in 30 adult cadaveric heads （60 sides）. Results： ① The main contents of pterygopalatine fossa included maxillary artery and its branches, maxillary nerve and its branches and pterygopalatine ganglion; ②The distance was about （52.99±4.95）mm from sphenopalatine foramen to anterior nasal spur;③The length of maxillary nerve was about （62.90±3.81）mm from foramen rotundum to anterior nasal spur;④The distance was （58.83±3.91）mm from nerve of pterygoid canal to anterior nasal spur. Conclusions： For performing operation in pterygopalatine fossa smoothly through endoscopic endonasal approach, it is helpful to have an intimate knowledge ofmicroanatomy of this region.