栉孔扇贝不同种群杂交效果 Ⅲ．中国种群与俄罗斯种群及其杂种1～2龄的生长发育

Hybridization effects of the different geographic population of Chlam ys farreri Ⅲ. The yearlong （1～2 years old） growth and development of Chinese population and Russian population and their reciprocal crosses

在对栉孔扇贝中国养殖种群（CC）、中国野生种群（CW）与俄罗斯种群（RW）及其杂交种群早期（2，3，4月龄）和中期（6，8，10，12月龄）生长发育研究的基础上，进行了各种群的1～2龄（14，16，19，2l，24月龄）生长发育测定比较研究．结果表明，3个亲本群体各个性状的后期生长性能表现以中国养殖种群最好；2个杂交组合CC雌（♀）×RW雄（♂）和CW雌（♀）×RW雄（♂）的杂种群体各个性状的后期生长性能均高于纯种亲本种群，杂种优势均较大，其范围在3．16％～37．18％之间，以CC雌（♀）×RW雄（♂）杂交效果最好，是理想的杂交组合；壳长、壳宽、壳高、活体重4个生长发育指标在后期各个阶段均表现出不同程度的杂种优势，杂种优势在性状问存在明显差别，体重的杂种优势远大于壳宽、壳长和壳高，变化趋势为体重大于壳宽大于壳长大于壳高；栉孔扇贝各个性状的生长率受生长发育季节的影响较大，12～16月龄生长迅速，到16月龄（11月份）生长速度达到高峰，到下一年度的2月下旬（19月龄）几乎没有增长，仅能维持生命，开春以后增长也不大，这说明，栉孔扇贝在来年秋季完成了强度生长，是水产养殖的最佳收获时节，应当尽量避免跨越第二个冬季，以减少越冬损失．

On the basis of the research of juvenile （2,3,4 months） and medium-term（6,8,10,12 months） growth and survival of three population of two different geographic areas in Chlarnys farreri from Russia and China and their F1 hybrids derived from Chinese cultural population （CC）♀× Russian wild population （RW）♂ and F＇1 hybrids derived from Chinese wild population （CW）♀× Russian wild population （RW）♂, the study of the later period （12,14,16,19,21,24 months） growth and development of Chlamys farreri was carried out. The four determined results indicated that there existed different extent heterosis （3.16%-37.18%） for growth in F1 hybrids and F＇1 hybrids, the former had a stronger heterosis and it was a better cross combination, the uptrend among traits were wet weight being greater than shell width being greater than shell length being greater than shell height, Chinese cultural population could be recognized as excellent parent , and the growth rate （the daily increment） had reached a peak at 16 months（November）, it was a good time for harvest of Chlamys farreri.