光肩星天牛对4种不同槭树科寄主植物的选择机制

The selectivity mechanism of Anoplophora glabripennis on four different species of maples

用动态顶空采集法、TCT-GC-MS分析鉴定了复叶槭、五角枫、华北五角枫、挪威槭等4种槭树科植物挥发物的种类和相对含量,测定结果显示:4种植物的化学指纹图谱明显不同。“Y”型嗅觉行为测定结果表明,不同植物的挥发物对光肩星天牛的引诱效果不同:复叶槭对光肩星天牛的引诱效果最好,其次为五角枫,均达到了差异显著的程度,华北五角枫对光肩星天牛有引诱作用,但未达到显著程度,挪威槭对光肩星天牛既无引诱作用又无驱避作用。数据分析发现,五角枫、华北五角枫和挪威槭较复叶槭引诱作用差的原因可能与五角枫、华北五角枫中含有对光肩星天牛的驱避组分罗勒烯和反-2-己烯醇、挪威槭中含有对光肩星天牛的驱避组分(E)-1-戊烯-3-醇、反-2-己烯醇和trans-香叶基丙酮有关;在4种植物中醇类化合物、酮类和醛类化合物相对含量的排列顺序与植物的抗性顺序相同,而烷烃类和酯类化合物含量的排列顺序与植物的抗性顺序相反;复叶槭咬食程度轻的原因可能与其叶表面具有较少的表皮毛有关。

Anoplophora glabripennis （Motsch.） is a wood-boring beetle that is native to China. For a long time, it caused great losses to the economy and ecology of northwest China. Attractant are often used to control insects. The volatiles emitted from the host plant play an important role for insects in finding their target. To explore the mechanism of selectivity to different host plants, we investigated the response of Anoplophora glabripennis to four different host plants, which included Acer negundo L., Acer mono Maxim., Acer truncatum Bunge. and Acer platanoides L., and identified the compounds in the profiles of volatiles from these species. A “Y”-tube olfactometer was used to test the role of volatiles from host plants in host selection by Anoplophora glabripennis. The olfactory responses of Anoplophora glabripennis to different plant odors showed preference for certain host plants： Acer negundo, Acer mono and Acer truncatum. The attraction of Acer negundo and Acer mono were significantly different （p 〈 0.05）. The attraction of Acer negundo to the insect was stronger than to Acer mono. Acer platanoides neither attracted nor repelled the insect. Compounds in the profiles of volatiles from the above four species were identified and quantified by GC-MS equipped with a CP-4020 TCT device. The constituents of volatiles and the relative concentrations were different in the four host species. The amounts of ketones,alcohols and aldehydes in the four plants showed same order： Acer negundo 〈 Acer motto 〈 Acer truncatum. 〈 Acer platanoides, While that of alkanes and esters was quiet different： Acer negundo 〉 Acer motto 〉 Acer truncatum 〉 Acer platanoides. 1-Penten-3-ol, Ocimene and trans-Germanylacetone were repellent to Anoplophora glabripennis. 1-Penten-3-ol and trans-Geranylacetone were identified in Acer platanoides, and Ocimene was the most attractive to Anoplophora glabripennis among these species. The extent of feeding damage caused by Anoplophora glabripennis differed among four species. The order was Acer negundo 〉 Acer motto 〉 Acer truncatum 〉 Acer platanoides. It was concluded that the relative concentrations of the compounds of the volatile compounds played an important role in preference of Anoplophora glabripennis for certain hosts. The extent of damage was related to the physical characteristics of the host plants.