社会教育与抗日根据地的政治动员——以陕甘宁边区为中心

Social Education and Political Mobilization in the Anti-Japanese Base Areas: With the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Region as the Center

社会教育是抗战时期中共在敌后抗日根据地实施的一项重要社会政策。其目标是在实现扫盲教育的同时,对民众灌输民族意识、国家意识及中共所主张的意识形态和道德观念,激励民众参与政治的热情,其终极目的是要民众对中共政权以及各项政策的最大限度的认可。因此,抗日根据地的社会教育既是群众性的扫盲运动,又是中共在根据地进行的一场全面的政治动员,而后者显得更突出、更重要。民众在接受社会教育的过程中,逐步接受了中共政权为他们设计的政治行为模式、生产组织模式、社会组织和生活模式等,民众也逐渐脱离了旧权威的势力范围。因此,社会教育提高了民众和中共政权之间的亲和力,使中共逐步实现了对根据地乡村社会资源的全面控制。

Social education was one of the important social policies of the CPC in the anti - Japanese base areas behind the enemy for the purpose of eliminating illiteracy and, more importantly, of instilling into the masses the national and state consciousness and the moral sense and ideology advocated by the CPC, arousing among the masses enthusiasm for political participation for the ultimate purpose of their fullest identification with the Communist power and all of its policies. Therefore, the social education in the anti - Japanese base areas was beth an anti - illiteracy campaign of a mass character and an all - round political mobilization by the CPC in the base areas, the latter being of greater significance. In the process of receiving the social education the masses also embraced the mode of political behaviors, the mode of productive organization, the mode of social organization and the life style designed for them by the Chinese Communists and gradually got free from the shackles of old authority. As a result, the social education strengthened the affinity between the masses and the Chinese Communist political power and helped the CPC to gain, step by step, an all - round control of social resources in the rural base areas.