建国前后中国共产党对资产阶级政策的演变

The Evolution of the Chinese Communist Party's Policy toward the Bourgeoisie before and after the Establishment of the People's Republic of China

把资产阶级视为自己阶级上的敌人,这是共产党人意识形态上的既定要求。而中国革命的民主主义性质,又规定了它对资产阶级必须实行统一战线的政策。这种矛盾的状况进至中华人民共和国建立前后,不可避免地成为困扰着共产党人的一道难题。事实上,从1947年底开始大规模占领城市之日起,中共中央就已经开始有意识地强化自己的阶级路线。到1948年9月政治局会议时,毛泽东、刘少奇等就已经明确地提出:全国政权到手以后,中国内部的主要矛盾就是无产阶级和资产阶级的矛盾了。但事实上,共产党人仍旧不得不牵就于在经济领域里的力量对比,在几年的时间里继续实行团结资产阶级的政策,直到“三反”“五反”运动的发生。

Regarding the bourgeoisie as class enemies is the Communists' established ideological requirement. However, the democratic nature of the Chinese revolution required that the Party carry out an united front policy toward the bourgeoisie. Before and after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, this kind of contradiction inevitably became a difficult problem bothering the Communists. In fact, since the CCP began to occupy cities on a large scale at the end of 1947, the Central Committee of the CCP had started to make a conscious effort to strengthen its class line. At the Political Bureau conference held in September 1948, Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi clearly stated: after gaining political power over the whole country, the main contradiction within China would be the contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. But in fact, the Communists still had to make accommodations to the contrasts of power in the economic field, and continue its policy of unity with the bourgeoisie over the next several years, until the outbreak of the “Three Antis” and “Five Antis” movements.