女子赛艇运动员HiLo,LoHi和HiHiLo三种模式低氧训练前后血清CK和BUN的变化

The Influence of Living at High Altitude and Training at Low Altitude, Living at Low Altitude and Training at High Altitude, and Living at High Altitude and Training at High plus Low Altitude on Serum CK and BUN in Female Rowers

目的：探讨不同低氧训练模式对运动员血清CK和BUN的影响.方法：24名优秀女子赛艇运动员被随机分为4组,即低住低练（LoLo）组（对照组）、高住低练（HiLo）组、低住高练（LoHi）组和高住高练低练（HiHiLo）组,每组6人.对照组按正常计划训练;HiLo和HiHiLo组每周进行6天低氧睡眠,每次10～12h,同时HiHiLo组每周再进行3次低氧训练,每次1.5～2h;LoHi组除正常训练外每周进行3次低氧训练,每次1.5～2h.各组进行低氧训练和睡眠时氧分压为15.4%（模拟海拔2500m）,大气压为常压.各组运动员常氧训练计划完全相同.分别于训练前3天,低氧训练第1、2、3、4周末以及低氧训练结束后第1、2周末进行血清CK和BUN的测试.结果显示：（1）4组运动员血清CK在低氧训练过程中的总体变化趋势表现为：先迅速上升,而后逐渐下降,低氧训练结束后第2周又迅速上升;各组间变化趋势有所不同,且训练第2周末,HiLo组与LoLo组、LoHi组与HiLo组、HiHiLo组与LoHi组相比较均有显著性差异（均P＜0.05）;（2）4组运动员BUN在低氧训练开始后均呈逐渐上升趋势,达到峰值后逐渐下降,低氧训练结束后第2周基本恢复至训练前水平,整个训练过程中各组BUN无显著差异（P＞0.05）.上述结果表明不同模式低氧训练对机体造成的刺激程度虽有差异,但并不明显.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different modes of hypoxic training on serum CK and BUN. Methods Twenty four elite female rowers were randomly and equally divided into four groups including： living at low altitude and training at low altitude （LoLo） ; living at high altitude and training at low altitude （HiLo） ; living at low altitude and training at high altitude （LoHi） and living at high altitude and training at high altitude plus training at low altitude （HiHiLo）. HiLo group slept in a hypoxic environment for 4 weeks （10- 12h/day, 6 days/week） and trained at sea level; LoHi group trained in a hypoxic environment for 4 weeks （1.5 -2h/day ,3 days/week）; HiHiLo group slept （10 -12h/day ,6 days/week） and trained （1.5 -2h/day ,3 days/week） in a hypoxic environment and at sea level for 4 weeks. The oxygen content in hypoxic environment was 15.4% （simulated altitude of 2500m）. Serum CK and BUN were measured 3 days before the hypoxic training, at the first, second, third and forth weekend during the bypoxic training and at the first and second weekend after the hypoxic training. Results During the hypoxic training, （1）serum CK in all groups increased rapidly, and then gradually declined, and eventually increased rapidly at the second week after the hypoxic training; and changes in serum CK levels in all groups were different; （2） the BUN level in all subjects increased after training and returned to the pre - training level at the second week after hypoxic training. There were no significant changes in BUN （ P 〉 0.05） during the entire training course. Though different hypoxic training modes showed different effects on physical ability, the differences were not obvious.