两种技术引进方式的直接效应研究——上海市大中型工业企业的微观实证

Direct Growth Effects of Ownership and Technology Imports:Firm Level Evidence from Large and Medium-Enterprises in Shanghai

本文根据上海市大中型工业企业技术引进的实际情况,借助于新古典增长理论的分析框架,研究了技术贸易和FDI两种主要的技术引进方式的直接效应。通过对1998—2003年上海市大中型工业企业的一个随机样本面板数据的计量经济检验和分析,得到几点主要结论:第一,三资企业的劳动生产率和全要素生产率比内资企业高,造成这一差距的主要原因是随FDI转移的无形技术和其较高质量的人力资本;但是三资企业内部转移的有形技术对其技术水平的提高没有显著的贡献。第二,国有企业的有形技术购买对其劳动生产率和技术水平的提高都具有显著的正面影响,而且促进作用强烈依赖于企业的科技人力资源。第三,我们没有发现其他内资企业引进的技术对其生产效率的提高发挥出显著作用。本文从实证研究的结果判断,近六年来上海市三资企业的技术先进性不明显,R&D投入强度不足,各种所有制类型的企业普遍重技术引进轻消化吸收,企业的科技活动机制上的缺陷,都对技术转移效果产生了一定的影响。

This paper explores the direct growth effects of ownership and technology imports under the framework of neoclassical economic theory. The econometric analysis is based on panel data from a random sample of large and medium-enterprises in Shanghai, for the period 1998 to 2003. The results show that joint ventures are more productive than domestic enterprises. Intangible technology and high quality of human resource are the main source of their better performance, whereas tangible technology makes little contribution to TFP. For state-owned finns, technology imports have significantly raised the labor productivity and TFP, but such positive effect is significantly dependent on the technological human resource. In addition, there is no evidence supporting that introduction of foreign technology has enhanced the productivity in other domestic enterprises. According to the empirical results, we may draw the conclusion that joint ventures didn＇t have significant advantage in its tangible technology. In addition, widespread poor investment in absorptive process and R＆D, together with inefficient mechanism of technological activities, impeded utilization of imported technology.