中世纪英国国王的财政特权

The Kings' Fiscal Prerogatives in Medieval England

在中世纪英国,根据封君封臣制度,作为全国最高封建主的国王享有一系列财政特权,包括郡包租、特别协助金、继承金、监护权和婚姻权、王室森林区收入等,它们每年都为国王带来大量的收入。从13世纪后期起,随着动产税和关税的征收,税收在国王收入中所占的比重越来越大,国王逐渐放弃了一些财政特权,但是国王的一些财政特权直到英国资产阶级革命才被有条件地废除。

Based on feudal system, the kings as highest lord in medieval England enioved a series of fiscal prerogatives, including imposing taxes on county farm, gracious aid, relief, wardship and marriage, the Royal Forests, wnich brought a Vast amount of revenue for the kings. But from late 13th century on, more and more moveable tax and custom became the majority of kings＇ revenue, kings abolished some fiscal prerogatives gradually, but not until the Revolution others were abolished.