毛泽东的民主思想及其历史局限性

Maozedong's Democratic Thoughts and Its Historical Limitations

毛泽东的民主思想可以从三个维度来理解:作为政治制度的民主、作为方法的民主、作为权利的民主。作为社会历史的产物,毛泽东的民主思想有其科学合理、推动历史进步的一面,但也有一定的历史局限性。其历史局限性应从理论渊源、国际环境、国内实践、认识偏差等方面予以把握,具体说来,主要表现在:由于受“过渡阶段”论的影响,过度强调了无产阶级专政的职能;由于受“手段”论的影响,忽视了社会主义民主的制度化建设;由于受“虚伪”论和外国封锁的影响,拒斥了西方的政治文明成果;由于受阶级斗争扩大化的影响,造成了民主权利主体的不确定性;由于受群众运动定势的影响,引发了直接民主的狂热实践。

Maozedong＇ s democratic thoughts are understood from three aspects： democracy as a politics system, democracy as a way, and democracy as a right. Maozedong＇ s democratic thoughts, as the outcome of society history, have scientific rationality, and propelled the history forward, but have historical limitations, which should be understood from such aspects as theoretical origins, international environment, Chinese practice, cognitive deviation, and so on, and in detail which are mainly revealed in： putting undue stress on the function of dictatorship of the proletariat; neglecting the systematization construction of socialist democracy; rejecting west result of political civilization; creating the uncertainty of democratic right subject; initiating the fanatical practice of direct democracy.