基于交易费用的物流外包机理研究

A Study of the Mechanism of Logistics Outsourcing Based on Transaction Cost

物流外包是界于市场和层级之间的混合形式。通过物流外包企业可以降低物流成本和提高运作效率。物流外包成本由采购成本和交易费用构成。借鉴威廉姆森的启发性模型分析发现:只要资产的专用性不超过一定程度(文章中K*点),则市场交易就有着明显的优势。随着专业化分工的加剧以及合作竞争的发展,交易的资产专用性程度提高,企业昔日的纵向边界不断被市场所取代。在新旧边界之间就成了物流外包的最佳区域。

Lgistics outsourcing belongs to the hybrid form between market and hierarchy. Through logistics outsourcing, enterprises may reduce logistics costs and improve operation efficiency. The outsourcing cost of logistics is composed of purchasing cost and transaction cost. Generally, purchasing cost is determined by efficiency of scales and the development level of scientific technology while transaction cost is determined by behavioral elements of personnel as bounded rationality and opportunism and transaction characteristics elements, such as assets specificity, complex of service, uncertainty of transaction and transaction fre- quency/volume. Among the transaction characteristics elements, assets specificity is the most important one. Referring to Williamsen＇s heuristic model, it is found that as long as the level of asset specificity is less than K ^＋ , market based transaction has clear superiority. With the further specialization and with the development of cooperative competition, the extent of assets specificity of transaction is increased, that is, the original boundary of the enterprise is gradually replaced by the market. The Area between the original boundary and the newly changed one is the best selection region of logistics outsourcing.