中国四城市初中生健康行为及保护因素现况调查

Study on health related behaviors and its protective factors of junior middle school students in 4 cities of China

目的了解中国初中生的健康行为和保护性因素现状及其变化趋势。方法采用WHO的GSHS问卷,由美国疾病预防控制中心在北京、杭州、武汉和乌鲁木齐4座城市中抽取100所中学,在9015名初中生中进行问卷调查。结果超重学生比例3.2%;在学校吃东西前从不或很少洗手的学生占25.3%;过去12个月内20.5%的学生受到过严重伤害,打过架的男生占30.4%,认真考虑过自杀的学生占17.1%。尝试吸烟率29.7%,过去30天里饮酒的学生占13.0%,14.5%的学生被给过或被销售过毒品。运动量不足的学生占78.9%,乘车通常系安全带的学生只有14.3%。男生在吸烟、饮酒、打架、喝碳酸饮料、饭前厕后不洗手等方面的不健康行为以及意外伤害发生的比例明显高于女生(P<0.01)。而女生在心理问题、体育运动不足方面的发生率明显高于男生(P<0.01)。结论目前四城市初中生中在饮食、卫生、心理、吸烟饮酒、体育运动等方面普遍存在不健康行为,学校应针对这些主要问题开展积极有效的健康教育活动,帮助青少年树立健康观念、养成健康行为,提高他们的整体健康水平。

Objective To provide accurate data on health related behaviors and protective factors among students in middle schoots in China, for devetoping priorities, programs and policies on health education. Methods We used a standard scientific sample selection process developed by American Center for Disease Control and Prevention（CDC） to conduct the questionnaire survey among middle schools from four cities-Beijing,Hangzhou,Wuhan and Urumchi. Results Data were found as： 3.2% of students are overweight; 25.3% of students rarely washing hands before eating at school, 20.5 % of the students had seriously injured in the past 12 months,30.4 % of male students having had physical fighting, 17.1% of the students having serious attempted suicide, 29.7% of the students ever tried or experimented cigarette smoking, 13.0 % having drunk from alcohol and 14.5 % having been offered or selling drugs during the past 30 days,78.9% were in an insufficient amount of physical activity and only 14.3% often used seat belt when riding in a car. Conclusions There were many problems on health related behaviors among middle school students in these four cities, especially on hygiene, physical activities, psychological situation, smoking and drinking etc. It is absolutely necessary to develop health education for children and adolescence to promote their healthy behaviors and lifestyle.