读者·作品·召唤结构——关于多维文学接受的一种构想

Readers,Works and Response-inviting Structures

艾布拉姆斯的文学批评四要素中,“读者”是最后一个进入研究领域的。注重读者创造性的文学接受过程事实上涉及到接受主体的一切方面,并通过作品的阅读评价曲折地反映出来。受伊瑟尔认为作品是一种“召唤结构”式的存在启发,我们提出读者也是一个具有特定含义的“召唤结构”,并主要通过心理学和哲学解释学的方法为文学接受过程的复杂性和多维性做出一个尽可能清晰的理论描述,使文学解释获得一个相对稳定和可靠的立足点,进而对读者的接受心态起到一个预先调节的作用。

Since 1953 Meyer Howard Abrams presented four factors of literature criticism in his monograph The Mirror and the Lamp: Romantic Theory and the Critical Tradition,the reader as one factor began to come into people's study horizon.The literature reception theory puts its emphasis on readers and involves all aspects of their personality;according to their judgments we can find how complex and abundant the reader is.Enlightened by Wolfgang Iser's view that works is a kind of response-inviting structure,it posits that readers should be another kind of response-inviting structure.It attempts to give literature reception a theoretic description as clear as possible from the perspectives of psychology and philosophical hermeneutics.Therefore,the reader's receptive attitude could be accommodated before they come into works.