论处于贫困境况国家赔偿请求人的生存保障——以“佘祥林案件”为例

The Survival Guarantee to the Claimants for State Compensation under the Poverty Line——through the exemplification of the "She Xianglin Case"

国家负有救助贫困人口的责任和义务。因国家侵权而陷入贫困的赔偿请求人有两种制度途径获得生存保障,即获得国家赔偿和获得社会救助。由于当前的国家赔偿制度中缺乏对间接损失和精神损害的赔偿,因此可以通过借鉴民事法律制度来改进。同时,为了帮助赔偿请求人的家庭恢复正常的生活水准,国家应该把社会救助制度作为辅助手段来运用,但是不能以这种社会救助来替代国家赔偿责任。

The state shoulders the responsibility and obligation to provide social relief to its people under the poverty line. The claimants for compensation in poverty due to infringement of the state may obtain guarantee for survival claiming state compensation or social relief. Because of the shortage of the compensation for the indirect loss and the spiritual harm in national compensation system, there is a need to seek profit from the civil legal system. In order to help resume the claimants＇normal living conditions in the household, it is imperative for the state to regard social relief as a kind of auxiliary measure, but not as the replacement of national compensation responsibility.