从“历史先天”来看福柯的知识考古学

An Investigation of Foucault's Archaeology from the Perspective of“Historical a Prion”

该文试图考察福柯的自律的话语理论并反思考古学的症结。文章从“历史先天”这一关键词出发,阐述福柯的知识考古学如何将对话语的实证描述和探索话语构成的先天规则结合起来,从而保证其在对话语的形式分析的同时,超越传统哲学深陷其中的三对矛盾：“经验-先验”、“我思-未思”、“本源的隐退-回归”。围绕着“陈述”的三个特性,我们可以看到福柯为此所做的努力,即打通共时与历时之隔,经验与先验之分,实现结构主义和实证主义的联姻。文章最后指出这种自律的话语理论的症结所在,认为福柯并没有如愿以偿地跳出“有限性解析”的窠臼。

The paper is an investigation and critical reflection on Foucauh＇s autonomous discursive theory. It starts from Foucauh＇s key word ＂historical a priori＂, and focuses on three qualities of ＂statement＂, with a main purpose to explain how his archaeology of knowledge, in order to overcome three pairs of antimony in traditional philosophy, that is, the empirical / the transcendental, the cogito / the unthought, the retreat of origin / the return of origin, combines pure description of discourse with an effort of exploring a priori rules of discursive formation. In its last part, the paper concentrates on problematic aspects of this approach, pointing out that Foucault＇s effort to sew up three couplets of antinomy is hardly successful, and his ambition to jump out from the predicament of ＂the analytic of finitude＂ also fails.