陈独秀“右倾”机会主义与共产国际关系研究述评

Commentary on the Research of the Relationship between Chen Duxiu's Right Capitulationism and Communist International

陈独秀“右倾”机会主义与共产国际的关系长期以来是学术界争论的话题。20世纪70年代末由向青首先提出颠覆性的观点,他认为大革命失败的责任不能完全归咎于陈独秀,共产国际负有部分不可推卸的责任。然而,由于政治等诸多因素的影响,向青的观点很快受到批判,众多学者著书立说证明陈独秀“右倾”机会主义给中国革命带来的巨大灾难,陈独秀“右倾”机会主义的帽子始终没有摘去。直到20世纪90年代以后前苏联档案的解密,在掌握一手资料的前提下,学术界开始重新探讨陈独秀“右倾”机会主义的问题。以杨奎松为代表的学者认为陈独秀不仅不是“右倾”机会主义,反而在许多情况下抵制了共产国际的错误路线。这种提法具有开创性,其后,学者们进一步探讨,深化了新观点的研究。

It is a hot topic of researching on the relationship between Chen Duxiu＇ s Right Capitulationism＇ and Communist Revolution. Xiang Qing offered a new opinion that the factors of Great Revolution＇ s failure are not only Chen Duxiu but also Communist International. However, because of the reason of the influence of politics, the opinion of Xiang Qing was opposed by many other researchers. They wrote essays and books to probe the mistakes of Chen Duxiu＇ s Right Capitulationism. In 1990s, because the Soviet Union archives were declassified, the researchers such as Yang Kuisong began to utilize the first-hand sources to reconsider the problem of Chen＇ s Right Capitulationism. To their standpoints, Chen was not Right Capitulationism. On the contrary, he opposed the wrong route of Communist International in many situations. This point of view inaugurated the new research about Chen Duxiu Which accelerated the further study.