行驶质量评价指标的回顾和展望

Physical Characterization of Pavement Profile and Ride Quality, Past, Present, and Future

道路作为满足公众行驶需要的一种特殊产品,其好坏的根本量度之一就是行驶质量评价指标。由于这个指标取决于道路的破损情况,因此将其与道路表面的粗糙度特征建立回归关系才方便应用。自从20世纪60年代以来,确定行驶质量指标的主要参数就不断演变。先是人工实测车辙,破损及修补面积,再是各种仪器实测的路面平整度,比如国际平整度指数,IRI。本文在大量的研究基础上,指出了现行主要参数的不足,并提出了一个确定行驶质量指标的新参数,既乘客所直接感受到的竖直方向上的加速度的变化率,JERK。

Pavement, an engineered product, is constructed to facilitate transportation. An important pavement quality indicator is the ride quality index (RQI) or serviceability index (PSI), which is conventionally evaluated by a trained panel of passengers or drivers. Because the index depends on pavement distress conditions, correlating it to pavement profile roughness can be practically useful. Nonetheless, the physical quantities characterizing the pavement distress conditions have been evolving since 1960s. Initially, they were chosen to be the rut depth, the size of cracks and patches, and the slopes measured every 12 inches spacing along the wheel paths by slow moving profilometers. Then, as high speed profilometers were developed and introduced into the market, an international roughness index, now called IRI, was proposed to be a standard descriptor of pavement profile characteristics. In this article, we critically examine the problems of using IRI to characterize pavement profile and ride quality. Consequently, we propose and justify on physical grounds the vertical jerk experienced by passengers and drivers as a direct physical measure or an index to both pavement ride quality and pavement distress conditions.