阔叶林采伐迹地省力化更新技术与效益评价

Labor Saving Regeneration Technique and Benefit Evaluation on Broadleaf Forest Stub Land

根据山区劳动力不断减少和林业作为生态建设主体的要求，提出了阔叶林采伐迹地的省力化更新方法。试验表明，阔叶林采伐迹地，不炼山、不整地，充分利用林地原有植株的天然更新能力，只经过定向抚育改造，比重新营建人工林可减少人工75～93工／hm^2，节约成本3615～3990元/hm^2，并减轻了营林过程中造成的水土流失。省力化更新幼林林分生长量大，干材产量是重新人工造林的2．60倍；改造后第6年间伐，间伐材作香菇栽培基质用材利用。保留阔叶树种2500～3000株／hm^2培育大径材，12年生年生长量与对照杜英人工林、杉木人工林相当，但林地的生物多样性得到了较好保护。

Experiment on labor saving regeneration technique of broadleaf forest stub land demonstrated that only directed tender and transformation could decrease 75 - 93 labor day/hm^2 and 3 615 - 3 990 yuan/hm^2 compared with new plantation, meanwhile could decrease water and soil erosion. This regeneration method made greater young forest increment, and stemwood yield was 2.6 time than that of new plantation. Tending thinning was carried out in the 6^th year after transformation and the left could be used as cultivation medium for mushroom. 2 500 - 3 000 tree/hm^2 were kept for great size wood and increment of 12-year trees was similar compared with artificial forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Elaeocarpus decipiens and even more biodiversity of the land could be conserved.