数控机床圆轨迹运动误差测试仪器和方法的研究

Research on Circular Motion Error Measurement of NC Machine Tools

介绍一种新的可用于数控机床圆轨迹运动误差测试的二维球杆仪。该二维球杆仪包括一根两端与精密小球相连的测量杆和一台高精度的旋转编码器,测量杆内置有可用于测量位移的高精度传感器,旋转编码器用来精确测量杆的转动角度。分析了测量仪器的误差,并进行了校正。试验表明,该仪器不仅可测量出机床圆周运动轨迹精度,用于机床的精度评价,还可以测出机床圆周运动任意指令位置的定位误差值,为进一步用于对圆轨迹的误差补偿打下基础。

This paper described a new method and instrument for measuring geometric errors when the numerical control （NC） machine tools were commanded moving on circular motion. The instrument consists of a linear displacement transducer bar with two balls at each end and a high accurate rotary encoder. The radius variations were detected by the transducer and the rotation angles of the bar were measured by the rotary encoder. The error sources of the device were calibrated and discussed in detail. The experimental results show that the instrument can be used to evaluate the accuracy of the CNC machine tools and to measure the geometric errors in the field of the plat surface of the machine tools. The instrument has good repeatability and high precision, which can be widely used,especially in the error-compensation and error-source oroject in the industrial aoolications.