“宜黄野生稻”的植物分类学地位和外稃乳突结构的扫描电镜观察

The Taxonomy and the SEM Observation on Tubercles on Lemma of “Yihuang Wild Rice”

【目的】为了明确于1999年在江西省宜黄县发现的“宜黄野生稻”的植物分类学地位。【方法】对“宜黄野生稻”的植物学特征进行了分属、分种检索,同时利用扫描电镜对其外稃乳突结构与普通野生稻(O.rufipogon)、药用野生稻(O.officinalis)、疣粒野生稻(O.meyeriana)和颗粒野生稻(O.granulata)进行了对比观察。【结果】分属检索结果表明,“宜黄野生稻”不属稻属(OryzaL.)、水禾属(HygroryzaNees)和山涧草属(ChikusichloaKoidz.),而属假稻属(LeersiaSoland.ExSwartz.)植物;分种检索结果表明,“宜黄野生稻”不是李氏禾(L.hexandraSwartz.)和假稻(L.japonica(Makino)Honda),也不同于蓉草(L.oryzoides(L.)Swartz.),而是秕壳草(L.sayanukaOhwi)。外稃乳突结构的扫描电镜观察结果表明,“宜黄野生稻”的外稃乳突结构不同于中国现存的3种野生稻和颗粒野生稻,乳突结构属嵌硅双峰乳突类,与假稻属的细线粒野稻(L.tisseranti)相似,这为上述植物学分类检索结果提供了辅证。【结论】“宜黄野生稻”并非稻属野生稻种植物,其植物分类学地位应是假稻属的秕壳草。

[Objective] In order to distinguish the taxomomy of ＂Yihuang wild rice＂ that found in Yihuang county, Jiangxi Province in 1999. [Method]The botanical characteristics of ＂Yihuang wild rice＂ by genus and species were retrived, at the same time, the tubercle characters on lemma in ＂Yihuang wild rice＂, O. rufipogon, O. officinalis, O.Meyeriana, and O. granulate also were observed by scanning electron microscopy. [Result] The retrieval result by genus showed that ＂Yihuang wild flee＂ is Leersia Soland. Ex Swartz., not Oryza L., Hygroryza Nees and Chikusichloa Koidz. The retrieval result by species showed that ＂Yihuang wild rice＂ is L. sayanuka Ohwi, not L. hexandra Swartz., L. japonica （Makino） Honda and L. oryzoides （L.） Swartz.. The results of the SEM observation of tubercles on lemma showed that the tubercle characters on lemma of ＂Yihuang wild rice＂ is belong to inlaid-silica-peak type, differing from the three wild flees existed in China, O. rufipogon, O. officinalis, O.Meyeriana, as well as O. granulata, but similar to L. tisseranti. It gives a proof of the above retrieval result. [ Conclusion ] It is speculated that ＂Yihuang wild rice＂ does not belong to Oryza L., but belongs to Leersia sayanuka Ohwi.