滴灌施肥条件下玉米水肥耦合效应的研究

Coupling Effect of Water and Fertilizer on Corn Yield Under Drip Fertigation

【目的】“一旱二薄”是限制干旱和半干旱地区农业发展的最主要因子。因此,研究滴灌施肥下不同水肥因子对玉米产量的效应具有重要的现实意义。【方法】在滴灌施肥条件下,采用“311-B”D饱和最优设计,通过旱棚防雨条件下进行田间微区试验。【结果】通过对玉米产量结果进行二次回归拟合,建立了水肥回归数学模型。因素效应分析结果表明,影响玉米产量的主要因素是氮肥用量,其次是灌水量和磷肥用量。各因素交互作用对玉米产量的影响都表现为正效应,其效应顺序为:N水>P水>NP;从产量角度评价,以较高氮肥用量、高磷肥用量和丰富灌水量为水肥调控的最佳组合。【结论】水肥调控的最佳组合为:较高氮肥用量243.27kg·ha-1、高磷肥用量137.431kg·ha-1、灌水下限为田间持水量的65.6%。

[Objective] Dry and soil leanness are two limiting factors in arid and semi-arid areas. So it has been attached great importance on the effect of irrigation and fertilization, as well as its influence on yield of corn. [Method] The micro-spot trials were carded out in rain-protection shed under the condition of drip fertigation by ＂311-B＂ D-saturation optimum design. [ Result ] The regressive maths model was set up based on the corn yield by quadratic regression analysis. Analysis showed that the dosage of N fertilizer significantly influenced the yield of com. And then are volume of irrigation and the rate of P fertilizer. The interaction effects among these factors were positive on the corn yield with the influenced order as N and water〉P and water〉N and P. From the corn yield aspect, higher level of N and P, sufficient water is the best combination. [ Conclusion ] The optimum combinations of N and P were 243.27 kg·ha^-1 and 137.431 kg·ha^-1 respectively, with lower irrigation limit of 65.6% field capacity under the conditions of this experiment.