上海崇明东滩堤内次生人工湿地鸟类冬春季生境选择的因子分析

Factor-analysis on Habitat-selection of the Avian Community at the Artificial Wetlands Behind the Chongming Dongtan Seawall During Winter and Spring

2004年12月—2005年5月,对上海崇明东滩98海堤内200hm2次生人工湿地进行鸟类调查,在冬季统计到鸟类8目15科56种,以游、涉禽为主;在春季统计到鸟类10目19科55种,以涉禽为主。运用多元回归对鸟类种类数、数量、物种多样性、均匀性指数和科属多样性等群落特征以及调查样点内水位、水面积、植被盖度、底栖动物密度、鱼类捕捞和人类干扰等环境因子进行鸟类生境选择分析。回归模型显示冬季鸟类种类数与植被盖度呈显著正相关,鸟类数量、物种多样性、科属多样性等群落特征与水位高低、水面积比例以及鱼类捕捞强度等有关,底栖动物密度影响鸟类均匀度和数量;春季鸟类数量与鱼塘的水面积呈正相关,而种类和数量与水位呈显著负相关,物种多样性和均匀性明显受水位、水面积和植被盖度影响,鸟类科属多样性与底栖动物密度呈显著相关,捕捞状况对春季鸟类群落影响不大。

From December 2004 to May 2005, an avian study was undertaken in the artificial wetlands of 200-ha area behind the 1998＇s seawall in Chongming Dongtan, Shanghai. A total of 56 bird species of 8 orders and 15 families were counted in the winter of 2004, and the dominant species were waterbirds and shorebirds; 55 species of 10 orders and 19 families were counted in the spring of 2005, which were dominated by shorebirds. Meanwhile, the environmental factors including water level, water area, vegetation coverage, macrobenthos density, fishing status and human disturbance were measured quantitatively. Based on multi-regression analysis between bird community and environmental variables, the resuits indicated that in winter, the vegetation coverage positively correlated with bird species abundance; the water level, water area and fishing status impacted on the bird number and diversity of species, genus and family; and the macrobenthos density affected the number and evenness of birds. In spring, the water area had positive relationship with bird species abundance, but the water level became a negative factor on the bird species abundance and number; the birds species diversity and evenness were affected by water level, water area and vegetation coverage; macrobenthos density correlated with bird diversity positively. The research could not prove that the fishing activities produced a significant impact on the bird community.