北京地区汉坦病毒宿主动物生态流行病学调查

Study on ecological epidemiology of Hantavirus reservoirs in Beijing city

目的了解北京地区啮齿动物间汉坦病毒(HV)感染状况、HV基因型及其与宿主动物的关系。方法夹夜法捕鼠,计算鼠密度,确定鼠种构成。针对HV基因M片段部分序列设计2种型特异性引物,应用RT-PCR法检测宿主动物带毒情况,并用ClustalX(5.0)和DNAClub软件对序列进行分析。采用SPSS软件分析宿主动物HV感染的流行病学特征。结果共捕获宿主动物295只,褐家鼠为优势鼠种,占71.53%。其次为小家鼠,占14.58%。RT-PCR检测宿主带病毒率,其中褐家鼠阳性率为18.01%,小家鼠为2.33%。对5份扩增阳性标本进行序列测定并对其核苷酸序列进行分析,结果显示均为汉城型(SEO)病毒。不同性别的褐家鼠HV感染率之间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.032,P>0.05);不同体重的褐家鼠HV感染率之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.900,P<0.001),体表有、无疤痕的褐家鼠之间HV感染,差异有统计学意义(χ2=30.441,P<0.001)。结论北京地区存在较为广泛的汉城型HV感染,目前尚未发现汉滩型HV疫源地。褐家鼠为北京地区HV优势宿主和主要带毒鼠,宿主动物种群特征与HV感染具有不同程度的相关性。

Objective To identify the condition of Hantavirus infection and genetype as well as to determine the risk factors of hantavirus infection in rodents captured in Beijing and the relationship between them. Methods The captured mice were classfied and the density of distribution was calculated. RT - PCR technique was used to amplify the partial M fragnments of Hantaviruse. Several representative positive samples were sequenced and analysed by Clustal X（5.0） and DNAClub software. Results A total of 295 animals were captured, among which Battus norvegicus was the dominant group. The median infection rates with hantavirus were 14.58 % in Battus norvegicus and 2.33 % in Mus musculus Linnaeus. Nucleotide sequences analysis showed that the virus detected all belonged to SEO - type. The infection rates in the population which weighs more or has some scars in the body were higher. No significant difference of HV prevalence was recorded between male and female. Conclusion The SEO - HV infection of rodents was widely distributed in Beijing and the nature focus of HT - HTV was not found. The major host of Hantaviruse in Beijing was Rattus norvegicus. There was some correlations between the HV prevalence and the sub - population of rodents on sample sites.