美国亚裔刻板印象:黄祸论到模范族裔

Asian American Stereotypes in Yellow Peril and Model Minority Myth

美国历史上的亚裔形象经历了从黄祸论到模范族裔这两个截然相反的阶段,二者共同之处在于都只是盎格鲁-撒克逊民族出于自身利益对亚洲民族的主观界定。黄祸论滥觞于美国自然主义文学之中,与当时流行的社会达尔文主义同出一源;模范族裔神话离间了亚裔与其他族裔,束缚了亚裔的个性发展,认同族裔间的共享历史是瓦解这一虚假光环的重要途径。

Asian American images in American history are reflected in two opposite periods from 1870s＇ Yellow Perilto 1960s＇ Model Minority Myth, the similarity of which finds its root in Anglo-Saxon people＇s subjective recognition and their practical consideration of economic, political benefits. Yellow peril gets widest propaganda in American naturalism literature, which is in line with social Darwinism prevalent at that time; Model Minority Myth estranges Asian Americans from other minorities, especially African Americans, and restricts their free character development. To dispel the gilded myth needs precious identification among minorities on the issue of shared history.