略论《老子》的“有”“无”观

"Presence" and "Absence" in Lao Tze

《老子》哲学以“道”为核心,而“有”“无”则是“道”的核心问题。对《老子》“有”“无”的考察,大体可分为“道”为“无”和“道”统“有”“无”两种见解。作为一种合理的诠释方式,从断句、词性、义理等方面来考察“有”“无”,可以看出“道”是《老子》哲学的最高范畴、最核心的概念,也是万物的本原、本体,从本质上来说,“道”是“无”“有”的统一。“无”是指天地形成之初的无形状态,“有”为实有,是万物之母,万物同出于它,“有”与“无”同出而异名。

Lao Tze＇s philosophy takes root in the key concept of ＂Tao＂, which is further expounded in the concepts of ＂presence＂ and ＂absence＂. According to researches into ＂presence＂ and ＂absence＂ in Lao Tze, People have formed two groups of thoughts. In the first group, ＂Tao＂ equals to ＂absence＂, and in the second, they both belong to Tao. If we look into their connotations from syntactic structure, part of speech and meaning, we can see that ＂Tao＂ is the highest concept in Lao Tze, and is also the origin of everything. Basically speaking, ＂Tao＂ is the union of ＂presence＂ with ＂absence＂. ＂Absence＂ indicates the chaotic conditions at the beginning of the world, and ＂presence＂ means actual existence and the very source of everything. ＂Presence＂ and ＂absence＂ have different names but the same source.