外在制度的多样性与我国外在农地制度创新的多样性

Diversity of External Institutions and of the Innovation of External Farmland Institution in China

在中央政府统一供给的制度框架下,各地之间的外在制度是多种多样的,之所以会出现地区之间外在制度的差异性,一个重在的原因在于各地本来在经济、社会、文化和历史传统等方面存在着巨大的差异。我国农地制度改革是从1979年开始的。以联产承包等多种责任制形态为土地制度变迁的始点。二十多年的农地制度变迁,从政策调整角度观察,政府一方面强调农户承包经营土地的长期稳定,一方面鼓励土地使用制度的不断创新。相对单一的农地集体所有的制度安排、中国客观上存在的区域经济差异和土地经营存在的比较优势不同,外在农地制度安排的多样性,并且我国农地制度还将沿制度多样性的路径演进。

Under the unified distribution system by the central government, there is diversity of external institutions in different parts in China. One of the important reasons for it is that there exist enormous differences in different places in the aspects of economy, society, culture and historical tradition. The institutional reform of farmland in China started from 1979 with production -related contract and other responsibility institutions as the beginning of an institutional change. Observing the policy adjustment over more than 20 years in the past, we can see that the government on the one hand emphasized the long - term stability of the peasant households＇ contract to manage the land, and on the other hand encouraged the constant innovation of the land utilizing institutions. Compared with the relatively sole institutional arrangement of the collective - owned farmland, the economic difference in different regions and the difference in superiority of land management that can be observed objectively in China and the diversity of external farmland institutional arrangement will make the farmland institutions evolve along such a path ahead in China.