“莱青”辨释——藏传佛教音乐文化的蒙古化现象探析

ANALYSIS OF MONGOLIAN PHENOMENON OF BUDDHIST MUSICAL CULTURE DERIVED FROM TIBET

“莱青”是内蒙古东部地区类似于巫师的宗教中介人称谓。其主要职能为驱魔医病,基本活动方式与蒙古博相仿,主要流行于内蒙古科尔沁及周边地区。“莱青”有蒙古博、“喇嘛博”、衰退的“古尔塔木”等不同解释。笔者释其为藏传佛教传入蒙古地区后,在与原有蒙古博教作斗争过程中,为取代其功能和作用而形成的一种“特殊喇嘛”,是藏传佛教与蒙古博教整合形成的复合文化体。其乐舞也就具备了两种文化的相关因素。

＂Laiqing＂ is the appellation of the religious middleman like wizards in Eastern area of Inner Mongolia, whose main function is to cure illness and disperse monster, and whose basic activity manners are like Mongolian Bo, and which is popular in Inner Mongolia Kerqin and its periphery. ＂Laiqing＂ has different interpretations, such as Mongolian Bo, lama Bo, and waning GURTAMU. The author thinks that ＂Laiqing＂ is a complex cultural body integrating Buddhism derived from Tibet with Mongolian Bo after Buddhism derived from Tibet spread into Mongoli- an area and while it fought against Mongolian Bo religion instead of its function, so that a certain ＂ specific lama＂ came into being, the music and dance of which are of the relative factors of the two cultures.