旧权威的衰亡——清末新政改革的瓶颈

An old authority's decline——the bottleneck of the later Qing-Dynasty's new reform

20世纪初的中国,伴随着义和团起义和八国联军战争的爆发,业已拙态百出的清王朝,面临着因外忧、内患而带来的空前的权威危机。为了挽救其权威的不断衰亡,清廷毅然采取了包括:整顿吏治,调整机构;整顿军队,编练新军;振兴实业,奖励工商;废除科举制,改变教育体制在内的新政改革。然而,由于改革时机的把握不及时,策略方式的采取失当,以及改革者自身的能力缺乏、私心作祟等不利因素的局限,改革各项措施的实施终未能达到改革者的初衷。进而,这场意在自救的改革最终竟成了革命的催化剂,而非是革命的替代物。旧权威衰亡的改革瓶颈充分彰显。

During the early years of the 20th century in China, accompanying the breaking up of Yihe Organization＇ insurgence and the eight counrtry＇ s invading the later Qing - Dynasty was faced with a unprecedented authority crisis because of the worries coming from inside and outside. To stop the contabescence of the old authority, tile government of the later Qing- Dynasty decided to carry out a new reform including： renovating the bad administration of officials, regulating of the old municipal organization; adjusting the regulation of the troops, reorganizing the new troops; developing the industry, rewarding tile commerce; abolishing the imperial examinations, improving the education systems＂. Unexpectedly the reform had failed to accomplish the reformer＇s original intenlion because of＂ some disadvantageous effecls such as bad timing, the improper reforming strategy, the inability of the reformers. Finally, such a self saving reform became the catalyst the revolution, but not the substitution of the revolution. The bottleneck of the refotm appeared clearly.