淀粉样β蛋白沉淀及其神经毒性与阿尔茨海默病

Amyloid beta protein deposit and its neurotoxicity associated with Alzheimer disease

目的:检索近年来国内外有关淀粉样β蛋白的代谢及其神经毒性机制研究的文献,归纳综述淀粉样β蛋白与阿尔茨海默病之间的关系。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline1995-10/2005-10与淀粉样β蛋白和阿尔茨海默病相关文章,检索词“Amyloidbetaprotein,Alzheimer’sdisease”,并限定文章语言种类为“English”。同时计算机检索CNKI1995-10/2005-10相关的文章,限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词“β淀粉样蛋白,Alzheimer病”。资料选择:就检索到的400余篇文献进行筛选,选择以淀粉样β蛋白代谢、毒性作用为主要内容的文献19篇,无论观察对象为动物还是患者全部纳入,其中内容相似的,以近3年且发表在较权威杂志者优先。资料提炼:将筛选到的19篇文献按淀粉样β蛋白沉淀的形成以及毒性作用分类:其中4篇与淀粉样β蛋白沉淀的形成相关,15篇与淀粉样β蛋白沉淀的毒性作用相关。资料综合:19篇文献说明了淀粉样β蛋白沉淀的形成与淀粉样β蛋白的生成增多、降解减少有关。淀粉样β蛋白可诱导细胞凋亡、触发氧化应激、介导炎症损伤、影响胆碱能神经系统以及导致Ca2+超载等,从而触发阿尔茨海默病。结论:淀粉样β蛋白通过多种途径和机制触发和诱导了神经元的变性,与阿尔茨海默病的发病之间有着密切的关系。

OBJECTIVEs. To retrieve the articles about the mechanisms of amyloid beta protein metabolism and its neurotoxicity at home and aboard in recent years, and review the relation between amyloid beta protein and Alzheimer disease. DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search of Medline database was undertaken articles about amyloid beta protein and Alzheimer disease published in English between October 1995 and October 2005 with the keywords of ＂amyloid beta protein, Alzheimer disease＂. Meanwhile, Chinese relevant articles published from October 1995 and October 2005 were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNBI） with the same keywords in Chinese, STUDY SELECTION： All the more than 400 articles were screened, among which, 19 articles studied on amyloid beta protein metabolism and neurotoxicity were Selected, no matter the observed subjects were animals or patients. Among the documents, which were similar, these published within the recent 3 years and more authoritative ones were in superiority. DATA EXTRACTION： The 19 selected documents were classified according to the amyloid beta protein deposit and neurotoxieity, including 4 related to the amylold beta protein deposit and 15 to the neurotoxicity of amylold beta protein. DATA SYNTHESIS： The 19 selected documents indicated that the deposit of amyloid beta protein was due to the increased formation and reduced degeneration. Amyloid beta protein may induce neuronal apoptosis, induce active oxygen to produce free radical, stimulate the inflammation reaction of central nervous system, influence the cholinergic nervous system, and potentiate Ca^2＋ influx and so on, thus triggers the Alzheimer disease. CONCLUSION： Amyloid beta protein may trigger and induce the neuron degeneration through many kinds of way and mechanisms, it plays an important role on the onset of Alzheimer disease.