中国农村社会保障变迁:体系结构与制度评估——“三元结构”制度安排下契约变迁的路径分析

The Vicissitude of Chinese Rural Social Security: System Structure and Evaluation ——Analysis of the Contract Vicissitude Path under “Ternary Structures”

中国社会存在着一个关于不同社会群体的权利和义务的基本社会契约,以这种契约的变迁为划分方式,社会保障在中国农村有其非常独特的制度变迁路径。以此为逻辑起点,本项研究通过对农村集体、家庭、土地、政府、市场与社会等诸多保障制度的考察,将建国50多年来的中国农村社会保障制度变迁过程依次划分为集体契约型的隐性“普惠”保障、分权型的显性“利益分割或损益不均”保障和社会契约型的制度化“利益调整重构”保障三个阶段,并对每个阶段农村社会保障制度的体系结构进行相应的制度评估,继而检视中国农村社会保障制度变迁的路径。

There is a basic social contract about different social group＇s right and obligation in China society. Taking this kind of contract vicissitude as a division method, social security has its extremely unique vicissitude way in Chinese rural area. Taking this as a logical beginning and through inspection of the rural com- munity, the family, the land, the government, the market and the society and so on many, this research divides Chinese rural social security into three stages： the collective security stage, the dividing power security stage and systematic security stage, and evaluates each stage＇s system structure. In this foundation, this article analyzes vicissitude of Chinese rural social security.