地铁站火灾时空气幕防烟的数值模拟与分析

Numerical Simulation and Analysis of the Air Curtain for Preventing Smoke in Subway Station Fire

随着国内地铁的迅速发展,地铁火灾的防范及应急处理成为重要的研究课题。笔者根据地铁站建筑结构特点及火灾烟气的扩散规律,首次提出将空气幕用于地铁站楼梯口防烟,以保障火灾时人员的安全疏散。并用CFD方法模拟分析一列地铁列车着火时,防烟空气幕对烟气扩散的控制。结果表明,在楼梯口设置防烟空气幕不仅可以保证人员在6分钟以上的安全疏散时间,而且减少了比传统方式所需的新鲜空气量,有效阻止火灾的进一步扩大和控制烟气扩散。

With the rapid development of subway, fire prevention and emergency response preparedness become an important research topic. Referring to the architecture characteristics of the subway station and diffusion rule of the fire smoke, air curtain is first praised to be used at the exit of staircase in the subway station to ensure the safe evacuation. Smoke diffusion controlled by smoke-prevenfing air curtain is simulated and analyzed by CFD when a train catches fire. The result indicates that more than 6 minutes for safe evacuation could be attained by smoke-preventing air curtain; moreover, the quantity of fresh air could be reduced compared with the traditional ways. The curtain could effectively prevent further spreading of the fire and control the smoke diffusion.