台湾旅游人力资源发展政策转变之探讨

Transition in Tourism Human Resources Development Policy in Taiwan

旅游产业由于政策推动及内部旅游需求增加而成长快速,从而提供了大量的就业机会,因此人力资源培养的问题也迫在眉睫。本研究以台湾地区为例,检视台湾当局旅游发展政策的转变及其对旅游人力资源发展的影响。研究显示:(1)台湾旅游政策已从20世纪50年代的政治教化转为经济功能、劳动力再生产及产业升级为取向;(2)台湾旅游产业的人力资本培养是由20世纪90年代以后才逐渐成形,以市场规范和国际服务品质为主要考量。建议未来台湾的旅游人力资本发展策略不应只局限于高品质的旅游人力培育,而应重视辅导一级产业人员转型及对小型企业的扶植。

The paper, using Taiwan as a case study, examines the policy trend toward the employment of tourism as an economic development strategy and its implications for the development of tourism human resources （HR）. Research findings reveal that tourism, from being almost synonymous with political and educational activities in the 50s, has been endowed with a more realistic economic objective, aiming to stimulate labour productivity and upturn economic transition. A substantial tourism industry has since been established based on strong policy endorsement and increasing domestic leisure demand, albeit with pressing tourism personnel requirements and slow action in the instituting of HR development for tourism in the 90s. Results indicate that efforts have been generally limited in cultivating personnel for the cnsation of a regulated market, and superficial in nature, situated in a narrow aim of meeting international service standards. A more appropriate approach, catering to the upward labour mobility and entrepreneurial opportunities for prospective tourism workers, requires adequate attention to help Taiwan achieve the economic dynamics and multi - faceted effects of tourisin.